Normative data for Spanish-language neuropsychological tests: A step forward in the assessment of pediatric populations.

Neuropsychology is “the branch of science that studies the physiological processes of the nervous system and relates them to behavior and cognition, in terms both of their normal function and of the dysfunctional processes associated with brain damage” (VandenBos, 2015). The applied practice of neuropsychology is known as clinical neuropsychology, and is primarily focused on assessment and intervention of individuals with suspected or recognized neurological functional impairments (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010; Stringer, 2011; VandenBos, 2015). In contrast, clinical pediatric neuropsychology involves the application of this knowledge to the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with neurological, medical, neurodevelopmental and other related disorders (APA, 2010; VandenBos, 2015). Some of these disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and specific learning, motor, tic, and communication disorders, have a deleterious impact on a child’s development and cognitive processing (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Due to the great variety of symptoms and needs associated with these disorders, the specialty of clinical pediatric neuropsychology requires developmentally-appropriate instruments to ethically